6. Biological pest management: Leaf miner There are four leaf miner species which are common pests: the tomate leaf miner (Liriomyza bryoniae), the American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii), the pea leaf miner (Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza strigata) . Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are well parasitized by several natural enemies . Problems with leaf miners have increased as a result of the use of broad-spectrum pesticides: natural enemies are killed and leaf miners develop resistance . Damage symptoms • Larvae cause mines . This can lead to cosmetic damage, leaves drying out or even early defoliation . The latter may affect the yield . • Female adults cause feeding marks where they feed . This causes cosmetic damage to the plants . Indirect damage occurs when fungi or bacteria enter the feeding areas . Methods of control Solutions Miglyphus • Parasitic wasp: Diglyphus isaea • Primary target: various species of leaf miner larvae • Packaging: adults in bottle Minusa • Parasitic wasp: Dacnusa sibirica • Primairy target: various species of leaf miner larvae • Packaging: adults in bottle Parasitic wasps: female adult parasitic wasps lay eggs next to the leaf miner larvae; killing the larvae and using it as a food source during development . Miglyphus Minusa For additional information regarding introduction rates, chemical usage, etc. consult your local Koppert representative or visit www.koppert.com Important! Only use products that are permitted in your country or state. 16
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